An industrial dispute is a disagreement between employers and employees, or between employees themselves, over issues like employment terms, wages, or working conditions. These disputes can take many forms, such as strikes and lockouts, and are often addressed through legal frameworks like the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 in India, which provides mechanisms for resolution.  

Key aspects of an industrial dispute

Definition: Any dispute or difference that is connected with employment, non-employment, terms of employment, or conditions of labor of any person. Parties involved:

Ø  Employer vs. Employer

Ø  Employer vs. Workmen

Ø  Workmen vs. Workmen 

Common causes:

Ø  Wages and allowances 

Ø  Working hours 

Ø  Retrenchment and job security 

Ø  Working conditions and safety standards 

Ø  Disciplinary actions and indiscipline 

Ø  Union disagreements 

Forms of disputes:

Ø  Strikes 

Ø  Gheraos (encircling a person or place) 

Ø  Lockouts

Resolution mechanisms:

Ø  Mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and adjudication 

Ø  Established by legislation, such as the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, which outlines a legal framework for investigation and settlement. 

Legal framework (e.g., India's Industrial Disputes Act, 1947):

Ø  Provides a framework to investigate and settle disputes. 

Ø  Defines the rights and responsibilities of both employers and workers.