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While the federal government has spearheaded major reforms to consolidate the numerous existing laws into four major labor codes, these Codes are yet to be implemented. They are:

  • The Code on Wages;
  • The Code on Social Security;
  • The Industrial Relations Code; and
  • The Occupational, Safety, Health, and Working Condition Code.

Since the implementing rules for these Codes were yet to be notified, as of July 2024, human resource (HR) policies in India continue to be governed by the existing laws.

The introduction of these codes is intended to reduce the compliance burden on businesses by merging multiple registrations, licenses, and returns into single, streamlined processes.

The new codes emphasize worker safety, fair wages, and social security. For instance, the Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code mandates comprehensive health and safety standards and requires employers to ensure adequate working conditions.

New Labor Codes and Corresponding Laws it Will Subsume

New labor code

Subsumed laws

Code on Wages, 2019
  • Payment of Wages Act, 1936
  • Minimum Wages Act, 1948
  • Payment of Bonus Act, 1965
  • Working Journalists (Fixation of Rates of Wages) Act, 1958

Code on Social Security, 2020
  • The Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923
  • The Employees’ State; Insurance Act, 1948
  • The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952
  • The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959
  • The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961
  • The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
  • The Cine-Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981
  • The Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Cess Act, 1996
  • The Unorganized Workers’ Social Security Act, 2008
  • Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code Bill, 2020
  • Factories Act, 1948
  • Mines Act, 1952
  • Dock Workers Act, 1986
  • Contract Labor Act, 1970
  • Inter-State Migrant Workers Act, 1979
  • The Plantations Labor Act, 1951
  • The Working Journalist and Other News Paper Employees (Conditions of Service and Miscellaneous Provision) Act, 1955
  • The Working Journalist (Fixation of Rates of Wages) Act, 1958
  • The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961
  • The Sales Promotion Employees (Conditions of Service) Act, 1976
  • The Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966

Industrial Relations Code Bill, 2020
  • Trade Unions Act, 1926
  • Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946
  • Industrial Disputes Act, 1947